Late Quaternary Large Earthquakes on the Western Branch of the Xiaojiang Fault and Their Tectonic Implications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Xi  RAN Yongkang  CHEN Lichun  WU Fuyao  MA Xinquan  CAO Jun 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(5):1516-1530

The Xiaojiang fault is a major active left-lateral fault along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The largest historical earthquake in Yunnan Province, with a magnitude 8 and a mean coseismic left-lateral displacement of ~ 6.9 m, occurred on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Studying this fault is important in understanding current deformation and kinematic characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau.Activities and stretches have been well undertaken on the Xiaojiang fault, while paleoseismic research work is always the weak link on this fault.To investigate the paleoseismic history and large earthquake activity of the Xiaojiang fault, we opened a large trench at the northern edge of Caohaizi sag pond on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Six paleoseismic events have been identified, and named E1 through E6 from the oldest to the youngest.Charcoal and woods are abundant, 20 samples were dated to constrain the ages of the paleoseismic events at 40 000–36 300 BC, 35 400–24 800 BC, 9 500 BC–AD 500, AD 390–720, AD 1120–1620 and AD 1750–present.We associate the youngest event E6 with the 1833 M8 earthquake.Events E4, E5 and E6 show a continuous record of the western strand of the Xiaojiang fault in the late Holocene, with a average recurrence interval of 370–480 yr.Large earthquake recurrence in the late Holocene is far less than the recurrence of 2000–4000 yr posed in previous studies.Thus, the seismic hazard on the Xiaojiang fault should be reevaluated.Furthermore, the irregular recurrence of large earthquakes on the Xiaojiang fault and other faults in the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang system, indicates the uneven southeastward extrusion of the Sichuan-Yunnan block along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

Progress in Numerical Simulation of Long-Term Impact of Thermokarst Lakes on Permafrost Thermal Regime     

Feng Ling  Tingjun Zhang 《地球科学进展》2018,33(2):115-130

Thermokarst lakes are a major heat source for the adjacent permafrost and a significant source of atmospheric methane. These lakes have important impacts on the physical, chemical, biological, geomorphological and hydrological processes occurring in the ground under and around thermokarst lakes, and seriously affect the local environment and the stability of the structures constructed in permafrost regions. Numerical simulation methods provide an effective method for quantitative analysis of the long-term impact of thermokarst lakes and their evolution on permafrost surrounding the lakes, and have deepened our knowledge about the impact of thermokarst lakes immensely. Summarizing the research progresses in numerical simulation of long-term impact of thermokarst lakes on thermal regime of surrounding permafrost has an important guiding function to improve mathematical models and develop more effective models. In this study, the components, functions, advantages and defects of several typical mathematical models having developed over the past ten years or so were reviewed, such as the heat conduction model with phase change, thaw slumping model, the coupled lake-permafrost model, thaw lake expansion model combining thermal processes with mass wasting and thaw-driven subsidence, the coupled heat conduction and moisture migration model, and the moving mesh method based thermokarst lake dynamic evolution model. Several issues deserving to be paid further attention in the future researches were proposed, including creating more effective models, determining the more realistic initial condition, lucubrating thermal and physical parameters of the typical soils, consider the impact of lake water replenishment, quantitative analysis of the thermal effect of supra-permafrost water flow around the thermokarst lakes, creating the coupled governing equation of heat conduction with phase change and convective heat transfer, embed ding the effect of climate warming in the model, numerical investigation of the long-term influence of thermokarst lake drainage on the environment change in permafrost regions, analyzing the long-term joint impact of multiple lakes on adjacent permafrost, simulating the near-shore talik development process and feature beneath shallow water in expanding thermokarst lakes, and continuing to do the systemic and comprehensive field measurements.  相似文献   

Study on Environmental and Hydrological Effects of Thermokarst Lakes in Permafrost Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     

Fujun Niu  Wei Wang  Zhanju Lin  Jing Luo 《地球科学进展》2018,33(4):335-342

Thermokarst lake is the most visible morphologic landscape developing during the process of permafrost degradation, and it is still an international hot topic in permafrost research. The climate warming, and the consequent degradation of the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau aggravate thermokarst lake development. The permafrost is normally considered as an aquiclude, and the permafrost degradation, especially when the permafrost is completely thawed by a thermokarst lake, might influence regional ground water. Therefore, a research program focusing on environmental and hydrological effects of thermokarst lakes in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was started and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The work proposed by the application includes: To analysis the spatial and temporal distribution rule of thermokarst lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) under the climate change and engineering activities, and to evaluate the ecological environment effects through remote sensing and field investigation; to reveal the main factors influencing a typical thermokarst lake and its hydrothermal condition, and to elucidate the conversion relationship between the thermokarst lake and the groundwater with hydrological and isotope tracer tests; to make an analysis of the influences of different lake stage and size on regional permafrost, hydrological conditions and ecological environment through numerical simulation and statistical modelling, considering the relationships between the thermokarst lake and the ground water level. The research results will help to accurately assess regional permafrost ecological environment evolution and trend prediction, and to reasonably understand the impact factors of the permafrost hydrological evolution and its response mechanism to the ecological environment in the river source regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, the research status analysis, the main research contents, research objectives and prospects were introduced so as to provide some references for related researchers and engineers.  相似文献   

Strength characteristics of compacted pond ash     

S.P. Singh  A. Sharan 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2014,9(1):9-17

Strength properties of compacted ash layers depend to a great extent on the moulding conditions. This paper focuses on the effects of compaction energy and degree of saturation on strength characteristics of compacted pond ash. The pond ash sample, collected from the ash pond of Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP), was subjected to compactive energies varying from 357 kJ/m³ to 3488 kJ/m³. The optimum moisture content and maximum dry densities corresponding to different compactive energies were determined by conventional compaction tests. The shear strength parameters, unconfined compressive strengths (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) values of specimens compacted to different dry densities and moisture content were assessed and reported. The effects of compaction energy and degree of saturation on shear strength parameters i.e. unit cohesion (c_u) and angle of internal friction (Ф) values and also the UCS values are evaluated and presented herein. The results indicate that the dry density and strength of the compacted pond ash can be suitably modified by controlling the compactive energy and moulding moisture content. The strength achieved in the present study is comparable to the good quality, similar graded conventional earth materials. Hence, it may be safely concluded that pond ash can replace the natural earth materials in geotechnical constructions.  相似文献   

Stabilising solar ponds by utilising porous materials     

《Advances in water resources》2013

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河北省平原区20m~2水面蒸发池与不同型号蒸发器折算系数分析     

王永亮  张学知  乔光建 《水文》2012,(4):58-62

世界气象组织仪器和观测方法委员会提出以20m2水面蒸发池作为水面蒸发量的临时国际标准。根据衡水实验站多年水面蒸发量观测资料,建立了20m2水面蒸发池与E-601型蒸发器和20cm口径蒸发皿观测值的相关关系,并计算出各月的折算系数,并对折算系数变化特征进行分析。在工程设计计算中,可利用其他型号蒸发器(皿)长期观测资料,换算成20m2水面蒸发池的蒸发量,使水面蒸发资料更接近于天然水体的蒸发量,为水资源评价、水量平衡计算提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Characterization of sea ice and its snow cover in the Arctic Pacific sector during the summer of 2016     

Qing Ji  Ying Liu  Xiaoping Pang  Yue Pan  Xi Zhao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(1):33-42

A comprehensive analysis of sea ice and its snow cover during the summer in the Arctic Pacific sector was conducted using the observations recorded during the 7th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHIANRE-2016) and the satellite-derived parameters of the melt pond fraction(MPF) and snow grain size(SGS)from MODIS data. The results show that there were many low-concentration ice areas in the south of 78°N, while the ice concentration and thickness increased significantly with the latitude above the north of 78°N during CHIANRE-2016. The average MPF presented a trend of increasing in June and then decreasing in early September for 2016. The average snow depth on sea ice increased with latitude in the Arctic Pacific sector. We found a widely developed depth hoar layer in the snow stratigraphic profiles. The average SGS generally increased from June to early August and then decreased from August to September in 2016, and two valley values appeared during this period due to snowfall incidents.  相似文献   

岩溶型尾矿库渗滤液重金属污染防治技术研究进展     

肖筱瑜  李蘅  张静  徐文炘 《矿产与地质》2013,(2):173-176

文章通过对岩溶型尾矿库渗滤液重金属污染防治技术相关方法进行研究,结果表明可渗透反应墙(PRB)处理污染地下水具有初期建设投资低、可以根据所要处理的污染物质灵活选择、运行期不需要能量供给而且处理设施不会占用宝贵的土地资源等显著优点,是岩溶型尾矿渗滤液治理方面最具发展前景的方法之一。  相似文献   

Development and decay of a lithalsa in Northern Québec: A geomorphological history     

Fabrice Calmels  Michel Allard  Georg Delisle 《Geomorphology》2008,97(3-4):287-299

The complete life cycle of a permafrost mound is reconstructed from its growth until its degradation. The study site is a lithalsa, which is the subject of a long-term monitoring that includes geocryological observations, measurements of permafrost properties on cores, ground temperature measurements, and observations of landform changes. The landform likely grew as a palsa under cold climatic conditions in the past. The peat cover was subsequently eroded. Early stages of degradation are witnessed since 2003 as a new thermokarst pond is starting to form though mound collapse. Settlement of the structure has been observed, and a rim ridge has begun to form. Ultimately, the lithalsa shall disappear and be replaced by a circular thermokarst pond surrounded by a rampart, similar to many other ones in the study area. The monitoring of the thermal regime of the lithalsa illustrates the pattern of internal warming and points to the causes of its degradation.  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

江兴龙  邓来富 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(6):1536-1543

采用水体中设置生物膜净水栅对比实验的方法, 在6口土池开展生物膜原位修复技术对土池半咸水养殖凡纳滨对虾的节能减排、养殖效益及机理的研究。结果表明, 在135d的养殖期间, 处理组水质的pH、TAN、NO2-N、无机氮和无机磷浓度分别显著低于对照组7.5%、78.8%、76.2%、53.2%和66.1% (P<0.05), DO浓度极显著高于对照组13.5% (P<0.01); 弧菌数极显著低于对照组66% (P<0.01), 细菌总数、硅藻相对密度、藻类生物多样性指数分别极显著高于对照组206%、173%、25.6% (P<0.01), 藻类密度、蓝藻相对密度分别显著低于对照组64.7%、70% (P<0.05); 生物膜上的细菌总数高达5.8×109CFU/g, 而弧菌数为零; 虾养殖成活率、虾起捕规格、虾产量分别极显著高于对照组62.5%、53.9%、150% (P<0.01), 饲料系数极显著低于对照组26.8% (P<0.01), 处理组每公顷池塘养虾增加利润约22.1万元。池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术具有成本低、节能减排、增产增收、操作简便与易推广等优点, 具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献